АР27508635 «Analysis of the Competitiveness of Beef Production in Kazakhstan: A Comparison of Carcass Parameters, Meat Quality, and Safety Standards with Practices Used in the United States»

2025-2027 36 month SDG #2 SDG #2

Project Leader

Bolkenov Bakytzhan, NJSC «Shakarim University», Ph.D., Science Professor

Relevance

Beef production is becoming more competitive thanks to the rapid development of technology and science. Kazakhstan, with its expansive land and rich resources, has the potential to emerge as a global leader in beef production, comparable to Brazil. Beef production in the country is projected to grow by 50% by 2030, opening up opportunities for exports. Thus, the aim of the project is to assess the competitiveness of Kazakhstan's beef production by comparing carcass characteristics, meat quality, shelf life and safety with beef from the United States, which has one of the best and most recognized beef production systems in the world. The results of the study will provide the government, local producers and foreign investors with scientific data to make informed decisions in the field of beef production. A review of the literature showed that so far there have been no studies comparing the quality and safety of beef produced in Kazakhstan with products of other countries that enjoy high competitiveness in the international market. By evaluating carcass characteristics such as weight, fat distribution, and meat yield, we will provide an in-depth understanding and identify the comparative advantages of these production systems. Meat quality, shelf life and safety are key aspects from the consumer's point of view. The project results will help identify the strengths and weaknesses of Kazakhstan's beef production systems and determine whether Kazakhstan's beef meets international standards and consumer expectations. The study will be conducted using interdisciplinary methods, and Kazakhstani researchers will collaborate with colleagues from the United States, which will allow them to gain experience in data collection, experimentation, and analysis.

Goal

The primary objective of this project is to generate data that supports the Kazakh meat industry by examining and comparing carcass traits, as well as the quality and safety of beef from Kazakhstan and the United States. The findings will offer scientific insights to assist the government, local producers, and potential investors in making informed decisions regarding beef production.

Expected Result

As part of the project, the following publications are planned:

At least 2 (two) articles and/or reviews in peer-reviewed scientific journals related to the project's field of research, indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded database of Web of Science and/or with a CiteScore percentile of at least 50 (fifty) in the Scopus database.

At least 2 (two) articles or reviews in peer-reviewed international or domestic journals recommended from Lists 1 and 2 of the Committee for Quality Assurance in the Sphere of Education and Science (KOKNVO).

Achieved Result

- The following parameters were measured and calculated: hot carcass weight (HCW); kidney, pelvic, and heart fat percentage (KPH); ribeye area at the 12–13th rib (REA); backfat thickness over the longissimus dorsi (LD); marbling score; and muscle thickness.

Measurements for Angus cattle were conducted at “KazMyaso” LLP (“Best Meat”) in Almaty, and for Kazakh Whiteheaded cattle at “Altyn Taga” LLP near Astana.

Most carcasses ranged from 200–260 kg, reflecting current feeding duration and limited dietary energy levels. KPH values were low (2–3%) in both breeds, indicating a lean phenotype.

REA ranged from 7.5–11.0 in², with Angus showing higher values, consistent with its genetic muscularity. Backfat thickness (LD) was low (0.20–0.35 inches) in both breeds, indicating insufficient fat deposition.

Marbling scores corresponded mainly to USDA Select (mostly Slight category). Yield Grade ranged from 2–3, indicating lean but well-muscled carcasses.

Overall, results clearly demonstrated breed differences and validated regression models.

- Bacterial isolates were obtained from cervical lymph nodes and sterile tissues. Escherichia coli was detected in 87% of samples.

Antimicrobial susceptibility (CLSI disk diffusion):

• Fluoroquinolones — 100% sensitivity;

• Third-generation cephalosporins — 100%;

• Aminoglycosides — 88–91%;

• Imipenem — 94%.

Complete resistance: benzylpenicillin (100%), high resistance to tylosin (~85%).

- After aging, loin steaks were PVC-wrapped and stored at 4°C for 6 days.

Color (L*, a*, b*) was measured every 12 hours using a HunterLab MiniScan XE spectrophotometer. Preliminary data indicate similar color stability between Kazakhstan and U.S. groups.

Bacterial load was assessed on days 0, 3, and 6. Preliminary results suggest slightly higher bacterial counts in Kazakh samples. Statistical analysis is being conducted using R software.

Scientific Team

Болкенов Бакытжан Тургазыевич

Ph.D, Science Professor

Тастемирова Шынар Абдуалықызы

Master of Veterinary Sciences, 1st-year PhD student, Department of Veterinary Medicine

Құдайберген Еркежан Бақытбергенқызы

Teacher, Master of Veterinary Sciences

Иманбаева Балғын Фархатовна

Master of Veterinary Sciences

Сабырова Ақбота Қабылқызы

ShakarimLab Quality Management Systems Specialist,

Master of Veterinary Sciences

Нұрбекова Маржан Жанбекқызы

2nd-year Master’s student, Department of Veterinary Medicine

Жексембаева Гүлжан Еркінқызы

Master of Veterinary Sciences, 1st-year PhD student, Department of Veterinary Medicine

Нурмолдин Мерхат Есенбайулы

RSE "Territorial Inspection of Abai Region of the Veterinary Control and Supervision Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan", Chief Specialist

Ахметов Айдос Құдасұлы

ТОО SaparLine, директор